Regarding the primary model of pathology in 2nd force, I’d like to describe the Freudian view of pathology in the following.
As for the key concept of a Freudian view of pathology, Munroe (1955) explicates that “the idea of the symptom as an adaptive mechanism has become a commonplace and that its cure is always envisaged as handling of the underlying (typically unconscious) dynamics rather than the symptom itself” (p. 280). In other words, Freudians regard a symptom of our mental illness as a kind of an adjustment mechanism to protect our “self” from the external world. Moreover, the characteristic of a Freudian view about treatment of pathology is that they often don’t focus on the symptom itself but our unconscious realm.
The Oedipus complex is one of the well-known pathological symptoms in Freudian views related to our unconsciousness. To explain the overview of this symptom, the Oedipus complex is that “all boys experience the unconscious wish to get rid of father and replace him as mother’s lover, and that all girls carry the unconscious wish to eliminate mother and replace her as father’s lover” (Kahn, 2002, p. 57). In this example, Freudians don’t pay attention to the superficial phenomenon (all boys and girls tend to have the desire to obliterate the existence of their father or mother.) but attempt to elucidate the mechanism by shedding light on our repressed unconsciousness. Although Freudians are likely to reduce our pathology into the issue of only our repressed unconsciousness, it is highly estimable for them to clarify the relationship between some pathologies and human unconscious realm.
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